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Les conclusions du 3ème sommet international sur l’edition du génome.

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Les conclusions du 3ème sommet international sur l’édition du genome (1),  organisé par The Royal Society, the U.K. Academy of Medical Sciences, the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and U.S. National Academy of Medicine, se conforment, sans surprise, aux précédentes déclarations de 2015 et 2018 et prohibent fermement – tout en appelant à en débattre –  le recours à des technologies d’édition du génome sur des cellules germinales et des gamètes à des fins de reproduction : “After listening to three days of thoughtful and inclusive discussion, the members of the Organising Committee offer the following conclusions : (…) Heritable human genome editing : Preclinical evidence for the safety and efficacy of heritable human genome editing has not been established, nor has societal discussion and policy debate been concluded. (In some cases, preimplantation genetic testing is among the alternatives.) Heritable human genome editing should not be used unless, at a minimum, it meets reasonable standards for safety and efficacy, is legally sanctioned, and has been developed and tested under a system of rigorous oversight that is subject to responsible governance. At this time, these conditions have not been met » ( 2).

Les hypothèses de recours à des technologies d’édition du génome héritable, transmissibles à la descendance,  ont été l’objet d’intenses débats, à la fois du point de vue médical, de l’admissibilité morale ou encore des possibilités de régulation : «  A host of questions therefore around the  (…)  heritable genome editing, where one edits either embryos or gamete producing cells to make a systematic change to all cells of a person and their descendants. Is it safe? would it work? should society allow it? (…)Many of these questions have been discussed for a decade or so – in the abstract even further back – but it is becoming more and more feasible to do and to responsibly think about assessing, potentially answering, the safety concerns (eg, off target effects) with these new tools (…). This clear “red light but continue discussion” on heritable genome editing should not though detract from the promise and enthusiasm around somatic genome editing, and even broader to somatic genetic therapy…” » commente Ewan Birney, Deputy Director General of EMBL, Director of EMBL-EBI (European molecular biology laboratory et EMBL’s european bioinformatics Institute) (3).

1 – http:// http://https://royalsociety.org/science-events-and-lectures/2023/03/2023-human-genome-editing-summit/?

2 – L’”édition du genome germinal » (germline human genome editing) s’envisage dans une perspective de recherche sur les embryons et les gamètes, et l’”édition du génome héritable » ( Heritable human genome editing) dans une perspective d’implantation des embryons et de reproduction. 

3 – http:https://twitter.com/ewanbirney/status/1633768208871063552

 

 

 

 

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